快连VPN:速度和安全性最佳的VPN服务
1. 做ssh互信的目的
1、在做集群的时候是需要ssh互信，它有利于在另一节点方便操作。
2、当使用scp远程拷贝操作时，需要输入目标服务器的用户名和密码，这个时候可以做linux服务器之间ssh互信配置， 这样在多个linux服务器之间做操作时就可以免密登陆。
2. ssh互信配置的原理
简而言之，服务器存储目标主机的证书，以便自动完成认证，无需输入密码。
3. ssh互信配置步骤
1、各节点生成自己的公钥和私钥对。
2、将自己的公钥文件发送给对方。
3、验证互信配置是否成功。
4. 配置ssh互信
这里以MYDB01和MYDB02两台LINUX主机为例：
4.1生成公钥私钥对
在两台主机上分别生成，提示输入信息时直接回车：
# MYDB01主机：
[root@MYDB01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsaGenerating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:SHA256:lQex2+SbdmGGNBvU8vjaTKVCbfAmk8Eva+C6BPJ49G0 root@MYDB01The key's randomart image is:+---[RSA 2048]----+|oo.. || == .||+ *@ || ..BB=B .||. o S..o=O+o || = o .. +=+. ||. o o.E.+*.|| . ... ...o||.. |+----[SHA256]-----+[root@MYDB01 ~]#登录后复制
# MYDB02主机：
[root@MYDB02 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsaGenerating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory '/root/.ssh'.Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:SHA256:8DGfMHFZDrEOOYhcpFGXI8tndQXTE4FampR6cTowAo4 root@MYDB02The key's randomart image is:+---[RSA 2048]----+|o++ o.+=+=+o || + =oo=+*+=.o||E =.o+OB.X.. ||oo+XB. || oS.+. || || || || |+----[SHA256]-----+[root@MYDB02 ~]#登录后复制
这样，就创建了公钥和密钥，会生成**id_rsa和id_rsa.pub**两个文件。
生成ssh密钥后，密钥将默认存储在家目录下的**.ssh/目录**中。
私钥和公钥的权限分别为**600和644**。
.ssh目录权限必须是700
选项：
-t rsa|dsa默认是rsa格式。
接着可以查看生成的公钥和私钥文件：
[root@MYDB01 ~]# cd /root/.ssh[root@MYDB01 .ssh]# pwd/root/.ssh[root@MYDB01 .ssh]# ll -sh总用量 12K4.0K -rw-------1 root root 1.7K 2月14 16:17 id_rsa4.0K -rw-r--r--1 root root393 2月14 16:17 id_rsa.pub[root@MYDB01 .ssh]#登录后复制
4.2将自己的公钥文件发送给对方
# 命令格式：
ssh-copy-id [-i [identity_file]] [user@]machine登录后复制
这个命令的作用是：将id_rsa.pub文件内容传输至对方的 .ssh目录中，生成文件名为authorized_keys 文件，并且会设置远程主机用户目录的**.ssh和.ssh/authorized_keys**权限。
# 在MYDB01上执行以下操作：
[root@MYDB01 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.250.194/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keysroot@192.168.250.194's password: Number of key(s) added: 1Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.250.194'"and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.[root@MYDB01 .ssh]#登录后复制
这里在MYDB02主机上查看：
[root@MYDB02 ~]# cd /root/.ssh[root@MYDB02 .ssh]# ll总用量 12-rw------- 1 root root393 2月14 16:41 authorized_keys-rw------- 1 root root 1679 2月14 16:20 id_rsa-rw-r--r-- 1 root root393 2月14 16:20 id_rsa.pub[root@MYDB02 .ssh]# cat authorized_keysssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCtQ+pBp1T9fHAkrifEShaOAfBJFT+HdljR8mBxl7wZ1a91g3Zuzu35gJKsUjD+NqP9JcdyKapE309SHPvosvsJjLfccF4PaEZAgqHryu+S3cBn8zqA6fm62hsx/qI4I80PV0btcqfwphsD+5+vgkDJWAsUGQtqZdmMClAIy5gs0He0K2jpciKHvxWWClB3+dTJ0e9yIuIkV7lM+jqVIqYFJD0bRyy0zgNsY5/cLYFllM42TQDos93hVdqGXOHREpWo01KX2Jd8MKj4yNeiqgnj2mDtiNFWOUSkAbHpcKInuUOErJMqkV7MP0er5UKY/NemDzuORr2RxYqSTWaz/T7N root@MYDB01[root@MYDB02 .ssh]#登录后复制
上面的操作只是单方面信任，主机MYDB01登录主机MYDB02不需输入密码，反过来不行，所以还需下面操作：
# 在主机MYDB02上将其钥复制到主机MYDB01上：
[root@MYDB02 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.250.193/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"The authenticity of host '192.168.250.193 (192.168.250.193)' can't be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:vThEoRhUOECeD5jhE+m8TZA2+6OoElIoNOQ3XqtopZw.ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:97:40:b2:35:6e:07:5a:61:1f:73:f1:b2:6e:54:5b:7d.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yPlease type 'yes' or 'no': yes/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keysroot@192.168.250.193's password: Number of key(s) added: 1Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.250.193'"and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.[root@MYDB02 .ssh]#登录后复制
4.3验证互信
分别在MYDB01主机和MYDB02主机上通过SSH登录，看是否需要输入密码：
在MYDB01主机上登录MYDB02主机：
[root@MYDB01 .ssh]# ssh 192.168.250.194Last login: Tue Jan 9 15:41:56 2023 from 192.168.250.193[root@MYDB02 ~]#登录后复制
无密登录成功。
同样，在MYDB02主机上登录MYDB01主机：
[root@MYDB02 .ssh]# ssh 192.168.250.193Last failed login: Tue Feb 14 16:48:54 CST 2023 from 192.168.250.194 on ssh:nottyThere was 1 failed login attempt since the last successful login.Last login: Tue Jan 9 15:41:34 2024 from 192.168.250.194[root@MYDB01 ~]#登录后复制
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